Iidayi ze-asidi zemveli zibhekisela kwiidayi ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezinamaqela ane-acidic kwisakhiwo sedayi, edla ngokudaywa phantsi kweemeko ze-acidic.
Isishwankathelo seedayi zeasidi
1. Imbali yeedayi zeasidi:
Ngo-1868, kwavela idayi ye-asidi yokuqala eyi-triarylmethane, enesakhono esinamandla sokudaya kodwa ikhawuleza kakhulu;
Ngo-1877, idayi yokuqala ye-asidi ye-asidi ebomvu esetyenziselwa ukudaya uboya yenziwe, kwaye isakhiwo sayo esisisiseko samiselwa;
** Iminyaka eyi-0 kamva, idayi ye-asidi enesakhiwo se-anthraquinone yaqanjwa, kwaye iichromatograms zazo zaba ziphelele ngakumbi;
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iidayi zeasidi zinamakhulu eentlobo zedayi, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekudayeni uboya, isilika, inayiloni kunye nezinye iintsinga.
2. Iimpawu zedayi zeasidi:
Amaqela aneasidi kwiidayi zeasidi ngokuqhelekileyo alawulwa ngamaqela e-sulfonic acid (-SO3H), ekhoyo kwiimolekyuli zedayi ngendlela yeetyuwa zesodium ye-sulfonic acid (-SO3Na), kwaye ezinye iidayi zine-acidic kunye ne-carboxylic acid yetyuwa yesodium ( -COONA ).iqela.
Ibonakaliswe kukunyibilika kakuhle kwamanzi, umbala oqaqambileyo, ichromatogram epheleleyo, ukwakheka kwemolekyuli elula kunezinye iidayi, ukungabikho kwenkqubo ende edibeneyo edibeneyo kwimolekyuli yedayi, kunye nokuqondisa okuphantsi kwedayi.
3. Indlela yokusabela kwidayi yeasidi:
Ukuhlelwa kweedayi ze-asidi
1. Ukuhlelwa ngokwesakhiwo semolekyuli yomzali wedayi:
I-Azos (i-60%, i-spectrum ebanzi) I-anthraquinones (i-20%, ubukhulu becala eluhlaza kunye nohlaza) i-Triarylmethanes (i-10%, imfusa, eluhlaza) Ii-Heterocycles (10%, ebomvu, eluhlaza) emfusa)
2. Ukuhlelwa ngokwe-pH yokudaya:
Idayi ye-asidi ye-asidi eyomeleleyo: i-pH 2.5-4 yokudaya, ukukhanya okulungileyo, kodwa ukukhawuleza okumanzi, umbala oqaqambileyo, umgangatho omhle;Idayi eneasidi ebuthathaka yokudaya: i-pH 4-5 yokudaya, ubume bemolekyuli yedayi Umlinganiselo wamaqela e-asidi ye-sulfonic kumbindi ungaphantsi kancinane, ngoko ke ukunyibilika kwamanzi kubi kancinane, unyango olumanzi ngokukhawuleza lungcono kunokuhlamba okuqinileyo. iidayi, kwaye inqanaba libi kakhulu.Idayi ye-asidi yokuhlambela engathathi hlangothi: ixabiso le-pH lokudaya yi-6-7, umlinganiselo wamaqela e-sulfonic acid kwisakhiwo semolekyuli yedayi iphantsi, ukunyibilika kwedayi kuphantsi, umgangatho umbi, umbala awuqaqambi ngokwaneleyo, kodwa umanzi. ukukhawuleza kuphezulu.
Imigaqo enxulumene nedayi yeasidi
1. Ukukhawuleza kombala:
Umbala weempahla ezilukiweyo uchasene neziphumo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, iikhemikhali kunye ne-biochemical kwinkqubo yokudaya kunye nokugqiba okanye kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa.2. Ubunzulu obusemgangathweni:
Uthotho lwemigangatho evunyiweyo yobunzulu obuchaza ubunzulu obuphakathi njengobunzulu obuqhelekileyo obuyi-1/1.Imibala yobunzulu obulinganayo obuqhelekileyo ilingana ngokwengqondo, ukuze ukukhawuleza kombala kunokuthelekiswa kwisiseko esifanayo.Okwangoku, iphuhliselwe kubunzulu obuqhelekileyo obuthandathu be-2/1, 1/1, 1/3, 1/6, 1/12 kunye ne-1/25.3. Ubunzulu bokudaya:
Ichazwa njengepesenti yobunzima bedayi kubunzima befayibha (oko kukuthi i-OMF), ugxininiso lwedayi luyohluka ngokwemibala eyahlukeneyo.4. Ukutshintsha umbala:
Ukutshintsha komthunzi, ubunzulu okanye ubukhazikhazi bombala wengubo edayiweyo emva konyango oluthile, okanye umphumo odibeneyo wolu tshintsho.5. Ibala:
Emva konyango oluthile, umbala wengubo edayiweyo idluliselwa kwindwangu esondeleyo, kwaye i-lining fabric is stained.6. Isampulu yesampulu engwevu yekhadi lokuvavanya ukuguquka kombala:
Kuvavanyo lokukhawuleza kombala, isampulu yesampulu eqhelekileyo yekhadi esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iqondo lokujika kombala wento edaywe ngokubanzi ibizwa ngokuba yisampulu yesampulu yokutshintsha kombala.7. Isampulu yesampulu engwevu yekhadi lokuvavanya amabala:
Kuvavanyo lokukhawuleza kombala, isampulu yesampulu engwevu eqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya inqanaba lokungcoliswa kwento edayiweyo kwilaphu lelaphu libizwa ngokuba yisampulu yesampulu edyobhayo.8. Ukulinganisa ukukhawuleza kombala:
Ngokovavanyo lokukhawuleza kombala, inqanaba lokuguquguquka kwamalaphu adayiweyo kunye nenqanaba lokungcolisa amalaphu axhasayo, iipropathi zokukhawuleza kombala welaphu zilinganisiwe.Ukongeza ekukhanyeni kokukhanya okusibhozo (ngaphandle kwe-AATCC yokukhanya okusemgangathweni oqhelekileyo), ezinye ziyinkqubo yemigangatho emihlanu, inqanaba eliphezulu, ngcono ukukhawuleza.9. Ilaphu lelinen:
Kuvavanyo lokukhawuleza kombala, ukuze kugwetywe iqondo lokungcoliswa kwelaphu elidayiweyo kwezinye iintsinga, ilaphu elimhlophe elingadaywanga liphathwa ngelaphu elidayiweyo.
Okwesine, ukukhawuleza kombala oqhelekileyo wedayi ze-asidi
1. Ukukhawuleza ekukhanyeni kwelanga:
Ikwaziwa njengokukhawuleza kombala ekukhanyeni, ukukwazi kombala wempahla ukuxhathisa ukuvezwa kokukhanya kokwenziwa, umgangatho wokuhlola jikelele yi-ISO105 B02;
2. Ukukhawuleza kombala ekuhlambeni (ukuntywiliselwa emanzini):
Ukuchasana nombala weempahla zokuhlambela phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-ISO105 C01C03E01, njl.;3. Ukukhawuleza kombala ukuhlikihla:
Ukumelana nombala weempahla ezilukiweyo ukuhlikihla kunokohlulwa kukuqina okomileyo nokumanzi.4. Ukukhawuleza kombala kumanzi eklorin:
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-chlorine pool fastness, yenziwa ngokubanzi ngokuxelisa ukuxinana kweklorini kumadama okuqubha.Iqondo leklorini yokuguquguquka kwelaphu, elifana nefanelekileyo kwimpahla yokuqubha inayiloni, indlela yokufumanisa yi-ISO105 E03 (i-chlorine esebenzayo umxholo we-50ppm);5. Ukukhawuleza kombala ukuya ekubileleni:
Ukuxhathisa kombala wempahla yokubila ukubila komntu kunokohlulwa kube yiasidi kunye nokubila kwealkali ngokukhawuleza ngokobumuncu kunye nealkalinity yokubila kovavanyo.Ilaphu elidaywe ngeedayi zeasidi livavanyelwa ukubila kwealkaline.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-21-2022