Idayi zeCationic ziyidayi ezikhethekileyo zepolyacrylonitrile fiber dyeing, kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ukudaywa kwepolyester elungisiweyo (CDP).Namhlanje, ndiza kubelana ngolwazi olusisiseko lweedayi ze-cationic.
Isishwankathelo seedayi zecationic
1. Imbali
Idayi zeCationic yenye yezona dayi zokuqala ezenziweyo.I-aniline violet eyenziwe ngu-WHPerkin e-United States ngo-1856 kunye ne-crystal violet elandelayo kunye ne-malachite eluhlaza zonke ziyidayi ze-cationic.Ezi dayi bezifudula zisaziwa njengedayi ezisisiseko, ezinokudaya iifayibha zeprotheyini kunye neentsinga zeselulosi eziphathwa ngetannin kunye netartar.Zinemibala eqaqambileyo, kodwa azikhanyi ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kamva zaphuhliswa ngedayi ngqo kunye nedayi ye-vat.kunye needayi zeasidi.
Emva kokuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso ye-acrylic fibers kwiminyaka ye-1950, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kwi-polyacrylonitrile fibers, idayi ye-cationic ayinayo nje into ethe ngqo ephezulu kunye nombala oqaqambileyo, kodwa inombala ophezulu kakhulu wokukhawuleza kuneeprotheni kunye ne-cellulose fibers.vusa umdla wabantu.Ukuze ulungelelanise ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwe-acrylic fibers kunye nezinye iifayili zokwenziwa, iintlobo ezininzi ezintsha ezinokukhawuleza okuphezulu zenziwe, ezifana nesakhiwo se-polymethine, i-nitrogen-substituted polymethine structure kunye ne-pernalactam, njl., ukwenzela ukuba idayi ye-cationic ibe yi-polyacrylonitrile.Iklasi yedayi eziphambili zokudaya ifayibha.
2. Iimpawu:
Idayi zeCationic zivelisa i-ion ezinemibala echanekileyo kwisisombululo, kwaye zenze iityuwa ezine-asidi anion ezifana ne-chloride ion, iqela le-acetate, iqela le-phosphate, iqela le-methyl sulfate, njl.Kwidayi yokwenyani, iidayi ezininzi ze-cationic ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ukwenza umbala othile.Nangona kunjalo, ukudaya okuxubeneyo kweedayi ze-cationic kudla ngokuba nzima ukudaywa ngokulinganayo kukukhanya kombala ofanayo, okukhokelela kwi-mottled kunye ne-layed.Ngoko ke, ekuveliseni idayi ze-cationic, ngaphezu kokwandisa iindidi kunye nobuninzi, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekufaniseni iintlobo zedayi;ukuze kuthintelwe ukudaya, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekuphuhliseni iintlobo ezinomgangatho olungileyo, kwaye sinikele ingqalelo ekuphuculeni ukukhawuleza komphunga kwiidayi ze-cationic.kunye nokukhanya okulula.
Okwesibini, ukuhlelwa kweedayi ze-cationic
Iqela elihlawulwe kakuhle kwi-molecule yedayi ye-cationic idibaniswe nenkqubo edibeneyo ngendlela ethile, kwaye yenza ityuwa kunye neqela le-anionic.Ngokwesikhundla seqela elihlawulwe kakuhle kwinkqubo edibeneyo, idayi ye-cationic inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini: eyedwa kwaye edibeneyo.
1. Idayi ze-cationic ezizimeleyo
I-isolation cationic dye precursor kunye neqela elihlawulweyo elichanekileyo lidityaniswe ngeqela elizimeleyo, kwaye intlawulo efanelekileyo ibekwe kwindawo, efana nokuqaliswa kweqela le-quaternary ammonium ekupheleni kwe-molecular of disperse dyes.Inokumelwa yile fomula ilandelayo:
Ngenxa yokuxinana kweentlawulo ezilungileyo, kulula ukudibanisa kunye neefayibha, kwaye ipesenti yokudaya kunye nesantya sokudaya siphezulu, kodwa inqanaba libi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, umthunzi umnyama, i-molar absorbance iphantsi, kwaye umthunzi awunamandla ngokwaneleyo, kodwa unokumelana nokushisa okukhulu kunye nokukhanya okukhanyayo, kunye nokukhawuleza okuphezulu.Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukudaya imibala ephakathi kunye nekhanyayo.Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zezi:
2. Idayi ze-cationic ezidibeneyo
Iqela elihlawulwe kakuhle le-conjugated cationic dye lixhunywe ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yokudibanisa yedayi, kwaye intlawulo efanelekileyo ikhutshwe.Umbala wolu hlobo lwedayi ukhanya kakhulu kwaye i-molar absorbance iphezulu, kodwa ezinye iintlobo zinokukhanya okungahambi kakuhle kunye nokumelana nobushushu.Phakathi kweentlobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, uhlobo oludibeneyo lubala ngaphezu kwe-90%.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeedayi ze-cationic ezidityanisiweyo, ngakumbi kubandakanya i-triarylmethane, i-oxazine kunye nezakhiwo ze-polymethine.
3. Idayi ezintsha ze-cationic
1. Ukufuduka kwedayi ze-cationic
Izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-migratory cationic dyes zibhekisela kwiklasi yeedayi ezinesakhiwo esilula, ubunzima bemolekyuli encinci kunye nomthamo we-molekyuli, kunye nokusabalalisa okulungileyo kunye nokusebenza komgangatho, ngoku sele kudidi olukhulu lweedayi ze-cationic.Iinzuzo zayo zezi zilandelayo:
Ineempawu ezintle zokufuduka kunye nokulinganisa, kwaye ayinakukhetha kwiifiber ze-acrylic.Inokuthi isetyenziswe kumabanga ahlukeneyo e-acrylic fibers kunye nokusombulula ngcono ingxaki yokudaya okufanayo kwe-acrylic fibers.Isixa se-retarder sincinci (ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-3% ukuya kwi-0.1 ukuya kwi-0.5%), kwaye kunokwenzeka ukudaya umbala omnye ngaphandle kokongeza i-retarder, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kunokunciphisa iindleko zokudaya.Iyakwazi ukwenza lula inkqubo yokudaya kwaye inciphise kakhulu ixesha lokudaya ukusuka (i-45 yokuqala ukuya kwi-90 imizuzu ukuya kwi-10 ukuya kwi-25 imizuzu).
2. Idayi zeCationic zokulungiswa:
Ukuze ulungelelanise ukudaywa kwee-synthetic fibers eziguquliweyo, ibhetshi yedayi ye-cationic ihlolwe kwaye yenziwe.Ezi zakhiwo zilandelayo zifanelekile kwiifayili ze-polyester ezilungisiweyo.Umthubi ubukhulu becala yidayi ye-methine edityanisiweyo, ebomvu yidayi ye-azo esekwe kwi-triazole okanye kwi-thiazole kwaye ikwahlula iidayi ze-azo, kwaye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yidayi ye-azo esekwe kwi-thiazole kunye nedayi ye-azo.Iidayi zeOxazine.
3. Ukusasaza idayi ye-cationic:
Ukuze ulungelelanise ukudaywa kwee-synthetic fibers eziguquliweyo, ibhetshi yedayi ye-cationic ihlolwe kwaye yenziwe.Ezi zakhiwo zilandelayo zifanelekile kwiifayili ze-polyester ezilungisiweyo.Umthubi ubukhulu becala yidayi ye-methine edityanisiweyo, ebomvu yidayi ye-azo esekwe kwi-triazole okanye kwi-thiazole kwaye ikwahlula iidayi ze-azo, kwaye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yidayi ye-azo esekwe kwi-thiazole kunye nedayi ye-azo.Iidayi zeOxazine.
4. Idayi zecationic ezisebenzayo:
Iidayi ze-cationic ezisebenzayo ziyiklasi entsha yeedayi ze-cationic.Emva kokuba iqela elisebenzayo lingeniswa kwi-molecule yedayi edibeneyo okanye eyodwa, olu hlobo lwedayi lunikwa iipropati ezikhethekileyo, ngokukodwa kwi-fiber edibeneyo, ayigcini nje kuphela umbala oqaqambileyo, kodwa iyakwazi ukudaya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemicu.
Okwesine, iimpawu zedayi ze-cationic
1. Ukunyibilika:
I-alkyl eyenza ityuwa kunye namaqela e-anionic kwi-molecule yedayi ye-cationic ichazwe ngasentla ukuchaphazela ukunyibilika kwedayi.Ukongeza, ukuba kukho iikhompawundi ze-anionic kwindawo yokudaya, njenge-anionic surfactants kunye ne-anionic dyes, ziya kudibanisa kunye nedayi ye-cationic ukwenza i-precipitates.Uboya / i-nitrile, i-polyester / i-nitrile kunye nezinye iingubo ezidibeneyo azikwazi ukudaywa kwibhafu enye kunye nedayi ye-cationic eqhelekileyo kunye ne-asidi, iidayi ezisebenzayo kunye nokusabalalisa, ngaphandle koko imvula iya kwenzeka.Ii-anti-precipitation agents zongezwa ngokubanzi ukusombulula iingxaki ezinjalo.
2. Uvakalelo kwi-pH:
Ngokuqhelekileyo, idayi ze-cationic zizinzile kuluhlu lwe-pH lwe-2.5 ukuya kwi-5.5.Xa ixabiso le-pH liphantsi, iqela le-amino kwi-molecule yedayi i-protonated, kwaye iqela lokunikela nge-electron liguqulwa libe liqela lokurhoxisa i-electron, elibangela ukuba umbala wedayi utshintshe;Ukuna kwemvula, ukuguquka kombala, okanye ukuphela kwedayi kwenzeka.Ngokomzekelo, iidayi ze-oxazine ziguqulwa zibe yi-non-cationic dyes kwi-alkaline medium, elahlekelwa ukuxhamla kwi-acrylic fibers kwaye ayikwazi ukudaywa.
3. Ukuhambelana:
Idayi zeCationic zinobudlelwane obukhulu kakhulu kwiifiber ze-acrylic, kwaye zisebenza kakubi ngokufuduka kwiintsinga, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukubeka idayi kwinqanaba.Idayi ezahlukeneyo zinee-affinities ezahlukeneyo zefayibha enye, kwaye amazinga azo okusasazwa ngaphakathi kwifiber nawo ahlukile.Xa idayi enemilinganiselo eyahluke kakhulu yokudaya idityaniswe kunye, ukuguquka kombala kunye nokudaya okungalinganiyo kuya kwenzeka ebudeni benkqubo yokudaya.Xa iidayi ezinamazinga afanayo zixutywe, umlinganiselo wabo woxinaniso kwindawo yokuhlambela idayi ayitshintshi ngokusisiseko, ukwenzela ukuba umbala wemveliso uhlale uhambelana kwaye ukudaya kufana ngakumbi.Ukusebenza kolu didi lwedayi kubizwa ngokuba kukuhambelana kwedayi.
Ukuze kube lula ukusetyenziswa, abantu basebenzisa amanani amanani ukubonisa ukuhambelana kwedayi, edla ngokubonakaliswa njengexabiso le-K.Iseti enye yeedayi eziqhelekileyo ezityheli noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziyasetyenziswa, iseti nganye yenziwe ngeedayi ezintlanu ezinemilinganiselo yokudaya eyahlukileyo, kwaye kukho amaxabiso amahlanu ahambelanayo (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), kunye nexabiso lokuhambelana kwedayi. kunye nenani elikhulu lokudaya Incinci, ukufuduka kunye nomgangatho wedayi umpofu, kwaye idayi enezinga elincinci lokudaya inexabiso elikhulu lokuhambelana, kwaye ukufuduka kunye nomgangatho wedayi kungcono.Idayi eza kuvavanywa kunye nedayi eqhelekileyo idayi nganye nganye, kwaye emva koko isiphumo sokudaya siyavavanywa ukufumanisa ixabiso lokuhambelana kwedayi eliza kuvavanywa.
Kukho ubudlelwane obuthile phakathi kwexabiso lokuhambelana kweedayi kunye nezakhiwo zabo ze-molecular.Amaqela e-Hydrophobic angeniswa kwiimolekyuli zedayi, ukunyibilika kwamanzi kuncipha, ukuhambelana kwedayi ukuya kwifayibha kuyanda, izinga lokudaya liyanyuka, ixabiso lokuhambelana liyancipha, ukufuduka kunye nomgangatho kwi-fiber kuncipha, kunye nokunikezelwa kombala kuyanda.Amanye amaqela kwi-molecule yedayi abangela izithintelo ze-steric ngenxa yokucwangciswa kwejometri, ekwanciphisa ukudibanisa kwedayi kwimicu kunye nokwandisa ixabiso lokuhambelana.
4. Ukukhanya:
Ukukhanya ngokukhawuleza kwedayi kuhambelana nesakhiwo sayo se-molecular.Iqela le-cationic kwi-conjugated cationic dye molecule liyinxalenye enovakalelo.Isebenza ngokulula ukusuka kwindawo yeqela le-cationic emva kokwenziwa ngamandla okukhanya, kwaye emva koko idluliselwe kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-chromophore, ibangele ukuba ibhujiswe kwaye iphele.I-triarylmethane edibeneyo Ukukhawuleza okukhanyayo kwe-oxazine, i-polymethine kunye ne-oxazine ayilungile.Iqela le-cationic kwi-molecule ye-cationic yedayi eyodwa ihlukaniswe kwinkqubo edibeneyo liqela elidibanisayo.Nangona isebenze phantsi kwesenzo samandla okukhanya, akulula ukudlulisa amandla kwinkqubo edibeneyo yombala, ukwenzela ukuba igcinwe kakuhle.Ukukhawuleza kokukhanya kungcono kunohlobo oludibeneyo.
5. Ufundo olwandisiweyo: Amalaphu eCationic
Ilaphu le-Cationic lilaphu le-polyester eliyi-100%, elilukwe kwizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-polyester ekrwada, kodwa iqulethe i-polyester fiber.Le fibre ye-polyester elungisiweyo kunye ne-polyester fiber eqhelekileyo inemibala enemibala eyahlukeneyo kwaye idayiwe kabini.Umbala, ukudaya kwepolyester okwexesha elinye, ukudaya okwexesha elinye, kusetyenziswa umsonto wecationic ngokubanzi kwicala le-warp, kunye nomsonto oqhelekileyo wepolyester kwicala le-weft.Iidayi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswayo xa kudaywa: iidayi eziqhelekileyo ezisasaza imisonto yepolyester, kunye nedayi yecationic yeentambo zecationic (ekwaziwa ngokuba yidayi yecationic).Ukusabalalisa idayi ze-cationic zingasetyenziswa), umphumo wengubo uya kuba nefuthe lemibala emibini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-21-2022